Neurology and Spine
Spinal Fusion Surgery
Spinal Fusion Surgery involves joining two or more vertebrae to eliminate motion between them, providing stability and reducing pain from spinal instability or deformity. The procedure can treat conditions like spondylolisthesis, degenerative disc disease, or fractures. Bone grafts and implants such as rods or screws are used to facilitate fusion and long-term spinal alignment.
Neurology and Spine
Early Onset Scoliosis Surgery
Early onset scoliosis involves the development of abnormal lateral curvature of the spine before the age of 10. The condition occurs at congenital or acquired different challenges because the spine is still in a growing stage. The majority of the children are diagnosed with this condition between the ages of 10 to 15 with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Identifying idiopathic scoliosis at birth or in early childhood is rare. The type of scoliosis is categorized by age at onset of diagnosis:
Neurology and Spine
Neurolysis Procedure
Neurolysis is a procedure that consists of chemical injection that involves pain relief management. Generally, this is typically for nerve pain, cancer pain or visceral pain. Depending on the case, different types of chemical neurolysis procedure based on which nerve it's pointing out, such as celiac plexus neurolysis and intercostal nerve neurolysis. Typically, the injected chemical consists of alcohol, phenol or glycerol. To understand this, nerves are like the wires of the body that travels the electrical signal between the brain and the body. These electrical signals lead to feeling sensation like touch, pinch and pain and move the muscles. Therefore, the goal of neurolysis is to stop the targeted nerve from sending pain signals to the brain. As a result, if these nerves stop sending signals, the body won't be able to feel any sensation or do not respond accordingly. In general terms, intentional destruction of the pain management through the nerves is said to be as neurolysis in general ways. In other words, this neurolysis in India is a term used to describe the work of the nerve that passes the signals to the brain.
Neurology and Spine
Corpus Callosotomy
Corpus Callosotomy is a surgical procedure to treat epilepsy. Epilepsy, which is a chronic medical condition, affects individuals for the long term and leads to recurrent seizures in both children and adults. Typically, the treatment is performed under the care of the best neurosurgeons in India. During the corpus callosotomy procedure, an incision is made through the brain's corpus callosum. The corpus callosum, which is a type of band of nerve fibers, joins the two halves of the brain (hemispheres) and relays messages from one hemisphere to the other. As a result, the corpus callosum prevents seizure signals from crossing back and forth between the two hemispheres, thus limiting the spread of seizure activity. This surgery is also known as callosal sectioning or brain splitting. Epilepsy surgery consists of various types, and corpus callosotomy is one of them. However, corpus callosotomy surgery is only recommended when antiseizure medications fail to relieve or treat the seizures effectively. In general, the entire procedure is performed under the supervision of experienced surgeons, involving a careful surgical cut of the band of fibers that join the two halves of the brain.
Neurology and Spine
Spinal Cord Injury- Stem Cell
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is caused due to traumatic injury, such as vehicle accidents, falling from the height, and sports injuries. Moreover, the seriousness of the injury depends on the location and how much it is injured, which sometimes include paralysis, loss of sensation, and dysfunction of motor skills below the level of injury. As a result, patients sometimes feel difficulties with bladder and bowel control, sexual dysfunction, and chronic pain that, in turn, has a severe impact on the quality of life and the person's individuality.
Neurology and Spine
Spinal Stenosis
Spinal Stenosis refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal, which can compress nerves and lead to pain, numbness, or weakness. Surgery involves decompressing the spinal cord or nerves to relieve symptoms and restore function. Timely intervention prevents progressive neurological damage and improves quality of life.
Neurology and Spine
VP Shunting
VP Shunting involves placing a catheter from the brain’s ventricles to the peritoneal cavity to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), relieving pressure. This procedure is commonly performed in hydrocephalus, where fluid accumulation leads to neurological symptoms. VP shunts are adjustable and can provide long-term CSF management.
Neurology and Spine
Cerebral Angioplasty
Cerebral angioplasty is a procedure that treats stenosis (narrowing) or complete occlusion (blockage) of the blood vessel in the brain. As a result, this procedure results in reducing blood flow and oxygen supply. Consequently, this can lead to strokes or other neurological issues. Cerebral angioplasty in India is a skilled endovascular procedure performed by a neurointerventional radiologist or interventional neuroradiologists. In simple words, cerebral angioplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that is used to treat blockage in the blood vessels of the brain. Specifically, this technique is performed with a catheter, a thin tube, used to access and repair narrow or blocked vessels, therefore this also restores proper blood flow to the brain.
Neurology and Spine
Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery
Minimally invasive spine surgery is a method to view and access the spine using the technique that does not damage the tissue and nearby muscles. In contrast, in a traditional method of open surgery, the surgeon makes a long incision through the skin. To explain further, to get access to the site, the surgeon makes a large incision and a large amount of muscle and nearby soft tissue are pulled away from the bone. As a result, this leads to increased recovery time and is more painful after the surgery. On the other hand, the other method, which is minimally invasive surgery, is more advanced techniques that need small and few incisions through the skin. In this method, a thin tube or endoscope passes through the cut that is made by the surgeon allowing it to work through a small incision area. Consequently, this results in better ways like less damage to the muscle,soft tissue, and skin. Moreover, this also requires less time to recover and is also helpful in faster recovery.
Neurology and Spine
Arteriovenous Malformations
Arteriovenous malformations occur when a group of blood vessels develops incorrectly in the body. In these cases, veins and arteries are jumbled together and form a direct connection, bypassing normal tissues. This condition occurs during development when the child is in the womb or shortly after birth. Typically, this doesn't show any symptoms or issues. Instead, this problem shows up once the patient is having some other unrelated health issues. For instance, a single ruptured blood vessel in an AVM leads to the issue that needs medical attention. Moreover, in some cases, AVMs are found during autopsy after death. An abnormal tangle of blood vessels that normally looks like a web. This tangle is made of arteries that circulate blood to the brain and veins that normally drain blood from brain tissue. These arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the brain and also to the other organs and tissues. Then, again, veins supply oxygen- and nutrient-poor blood and waste material from tissue to the heart and lungs. This exchange process occurs in capillaries, which is the place where the smallest blood vessels of arteries and veins connect. As a result, this can also be a reason for high-flow arterial blood to connect directly to veins. Ultimately, this abnormal connection between artery and vein in an AVM can lead to rupture of the vessel and bleeding into the brain.
Neurology and Spine
Skull Base Surgery
Skull base surgery is performed to remove cancer and non-cancer growths or the abnormal development inside the brain, the skull base, or the vertebrae of the spinal column. This is because the area is hard to see and reach. The skull is made up of bones and cartilage that develop the face and cranium, which surrounds the brain. In fact, the bone of the skull can easily be felt by touch on the top of the skull. The 5 bones that form the bottom base of the cranium also form the eye socket, top of the nasal cavity, some of the sinuses, and the bones around the inner ear. Moreover, the skull base is a complex and sensitive area that has various openings. Through these openings, many blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerves pass. Skull base surgery in India can be done through endoscopic procedure; therefore, it comes under a minimally invasive procedure. In this method, the surgeon inserts a special tool through the nose or through the mouth, or alternatively, the surgeon makes the hole above the eyebrow and inserts the tool from there. Importantly, this type of surgery is done under the supervision of skilled surgeons and a team of specialists.
Neurology and Spine
Brain Biopsy
A brain biopsy is a method to diagnose brain illness. The procedure, in fact, involves the removal of a tumor or a piece of tissue from the brain to examine under a microscope. The main types of brain biopsy consist of:
Neurology and Spine
Foraminotomy
A foraminotomy is a surgical intervention performed to relieve pressure on the nerve roots in the spine. Specifically, the procedure is used to open up the foramen or open the vertebra bone, a place where the nerve roots exit the spinal canal. In fact, the peripheral nervous system makes up the foramen, the nerve that exits the spinal canal. In case the foramen is narrow, the person can feel the nerve pain and other symptoms that may affect the movement. Therefore, a foraminotomy can be beneficial in relieving pressure and reducing pain. Furthermore, a foraminotomy in India is a surgical procedure that enlarges the area around one of the compressed nerves in the spinal column. The spine consists of a chain of bones known as vertebrae. The intervertebral disks are placed between vertebrae and work as a cushion. Sometimes, the compressed nerve can cause symptoms such as pain, tingling in the arms and legs, or weakness. Ultimately, the accurate symptoms depend on the location of the compressed nerve along the spinal column.
Neurology and Spine
Vertebroplasty & Kyphoplasty
Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty are minimally invasive spine procedures designed to treat vertebral compression fractures, often caused by osteoporosis or trauma. Vertebroplasty involves injecting bone cement directly into the fractured vertebra to stabilize it. Kyphoplasty includes the use of a balloon to restore vertebral height before cement injection, which can also help correct spinal deformity.
Neurology and Spine
Spinal Disc Replacement
Spinal Disc Replacement involves replacing a damaged intervertebral disc with an artificial implant to restore spinal mobility and reduce pain. Unlike fusion, disc replacement maintains motion at the affected level, potentially reducing stress on adjacent vertebrae and minimizing long-term degeneration.
Neurology and Spine
Comprehensive Myelopathy - Spinal Cord Surgery
Myelopathy is a spinal cord compression, or an injury to the spinal cord. As a result, it can lead to pain, numbness, and problems in moving particular parts of the body. Myelopathy occurs due to traumatic injury, aging, or herniated disk. In fact, myelopathy symptoms can be severe and worsen if left untreated or ignored. Myelopathy in India is a group of symptoms caused by spinal cord compression or an injured spinal cord. When some pressure or force compresses the spinal cord, it becomes difficult to move properly. Consequently, this can lead to pain, loss of feeling, or problems in moving certain parts of the body. The spinal cord is a collection of nerves that travels messages between the brain and body. It is placed inside the hollow area of the spine. Furthermore, the bone in the spine acts as a shield of protection for the spinal cord. Vertebrae can become weak due to several diseases and conditions. For instance, the loss of feeling or a feeling of pins and needles in the hand after leaning on the elbow for too long may occur. However, this condition can become worse if it remains untreated.
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Neurology and Spine
Kyphosis (hunchback)
Kyphosis (hunchback) is an abnormal shape of the spine which, as a result, is curved outward more than it should be. In contrast, a normal spine is straight in shape when viewed from behind. Consequently, this causes the upper back around the thoracic region to be affected. The thoracic region is a portion of the spine between your neck and ribs. Visually, the abnormal shape of the spine looks like a rounded or humpback. Kyphosis in India is usually defined as a curvature of the spine that measures 50 degrees or more on an X-ray. Furthermore, some diagnostic tests use invisible electromagnetic energy beams to release images of internal tissues, bones, and organs onto film. Typically, the normal spine bends from 20 to 45 degrees of curvature in the upper back area.
Neurology and Spine
Carotid Endarterectomy
A carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the treatment of carotid artery disease. The carotid arteries, in fact, are one of the main blood vessels that transfer oxygen and blood to the brain. When these arteries become narrowed, it reduces the blood flow to the brain, which can eventually lead to a stroke. During a carotid endarterectomy, using a surgical approach, the surgeon removes plaque that has formed inside the carotid artery. This is done by making an incision on the side of the neck over the affected carotid artery. After opening the artery, the plaque is carefully removed. Once the plaque is removed, the artery is stitched back as before. This procedure helps restore the normal flow of blood to the brain. It is important to note that this procedure is performed under general anesthesia, although the patient is not completely in a sleep state.
Neurology and Spine
Cranioplasty
Cranioplasty is a surgical procedure that treats or repairs a defect in the skull. Skull is one of the most important and protective parts of the brain. The skull is the bone that surrounds and protects the brain. Cranioplasty helps to repair a defect in the skull that gives protection to the brain from getting damaged. Cranioplasty surgery is recommended after certain forms of brain surgery or any traumatic injury. The main aim of the cranioplasty procedure is to repair and reshape a defect in the skull. During the surgical intervention, the surgeon may perform:
Neurology and Spine
Temporal Lobectomy
Temporal Lobectomy involves removing a portion of the temporal lobe to control seizures in patients with refractory epilepsy. This surgery is considered when medication fails to prevent frequent or severe seizures. Advanced imaging and EEG monitoring help identify the seizure focus before surgery.
Neurology and Spine
Craniotomy Surgery
A craniotomy is a surgery that gives access to the brain; in fact, the surgery is performed to remove a piece of skull to get proper access to the brain. Furthermore, the surgery is performed under the top neurosurgeon in India, and during the same surgery, the surgeon re-applies the piece of skull. In addition, a craniotomy is a major surgery. Moreover, this type of condition is usually diagnosed during the treatment of a brain tumor or some type of traumatic brain injury.
Neurology and Spine
Kyphoplasty
Kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive procedure to treat compression fractures in the spine. To clarify, compression fracture is a break or cracks in the vertebrae. The vertebral body is a thick rounded part on the front of each vertebrae. When a fracture occurs in the spine, it leads to weakening or collapsing the spine. Moreover, these fractures can also affect the posture in the future. In fact, compression fractures can lead the bones in the spine to collapse, resulting in kyphosis or curve in the spine. Consequently, this can be an obstruction in breathing or can limit the function of the abdominal organs. Therefore, kyphoplasty helps to stop this curve from occurring. Additionally, sometimes kyphoplasty is referred to as balloon kyphoplasty by the healthcare professionals.
Neurology and Spine
Peripheral Nerve Surgery
Peripheral nerve surgery is a surgical procedure that improves the function and reduces pain and disability in patients with peripheral nerve disorders. For example, some of the disorders are acute nerve injury, entrapment neuropathies, and nerve sheath tumors. In such cases, peripheral nerve injury helps to turn healthy nerves to take over the function of the nerves affected by the injury, disease or other conditions. To explain further, the peripheral nerve is the route that joins the brain and spinal cord to other parts of the body. As a result, peripheral nerve disorders result in preventing messages from the brain to the rest of the body and also can impact one nerve or many nerves. A team of healthcare professionals that lead to performing the surgical treatment as well as rehabilitation include:
Neurology and Spine
Spinal Instrumentation
Spinal Instrumentation involves using medical implants such as rods, screws, plates, and cages to stabilize the spine during corrective or fusion procedures. These devices provide structural support, restore alignment, and protect neural structures during healing. Instrumentation is commonly combined with fusion or deformity correction surgeries.
Neurology and Spine
Cervical Spine Surgery
Cervical spine surgery is performed to treat problems in the neck such as misalignment, compressed nerves, or spinal cord abnormalities. Some of the most common reasons to perform cervical spine surgery include:
Neurology and Spine
Microdiscectomy
Microdiscectomy, also known as microdecompression or microdiskectomy, is a minimally invasive surgical procedure performed to treat the patient having herniated lumbar disc. India is among the nation's providing advanced treatment of earlier spinal surgery once known for larger incisions, long recovery and painful rehab. But yes, surgical advancement in the medical field has grown so far with immense technology and methods. Advancements like microdiscectomy in India procedures have improved the technique. During the microdiscectomy surgery, the surgeon will remove the small part of the herniated disc to relieve pressure on the spinal nerve column. Microdiscectomy is a surgical intervention that relieves pain symptoms and other problems caused when a herniated disc in the spine presses on an adjacent nerve root. During the surgery the nerve is released by removing small fragments of disc, bone and ligaments. Microdiscectomy is a minimally invasive spine that is performed with less and small incision and the surgeon used a microscope or surgical glasses called loupes to magnify and get the access to the site where the injury occurred.
Neurology and Spine
Radiofrequency Rhizotomy- Neurotomy
Rhizotomy is a minimally invasive procedure that is performed to kill the nerve fibres and remove painful nerves that send pain signals to the brain. The nerve fibres can be finished and destroyed by cutting off with a surgical instrument or burning them with a chemical or electrical current. Rhizotomy is proven to give instant relief from pain that can be long lasting for years until the nerves recover and are able to send pain signals again. Rhizotomy- neurotomy also known as ablation or neurotomy, these terms are used to describe the removal or destroying of tissue that is causing pain.
Neurology and Spine
Lumbar Laminectomy for Spine
A laminectomy is a surgical procedure performed on the spine to remove the lamina. The bony arch or lamina helps to support and protect the back part of the spinal cord on the vertebrae. Removal of lamina relieves pressure on the nerves and spinal cord by making more space on the spinal cord. A laminectomy is performed in the lower spine that is lumbar laminectomy for spine, this is helpful in identifying the cause of nerve pain. This procedure is helpful in treating pain that is developed in the neck or in the middle of the back.
Neurology and Spine
Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Stereotactic Radiosurgery delivers highly focused radiation beams to treat brain tumors, arteriovenous malformations, or other small neurological lesions. The technique avoids open surgery, minimizing trauma while accurately targeting abnormal tissue. It is often used when traditional surgery carries higher risk or is not feasible.
Neurology and Spine
Anterior Cervical Discectomy
An anterior cervical discectomy is performed, along with the fixation and fusion, to check the stability of the spine. The discectomy procedure, in particular, involves the removal of a damaged, herniated intervertebral disc (the cushion between the bones of the spine) and arthritis. Furthermore, anterior surgical intervention stands for an approach from the front side of the body and cervical spine in the neck. In simple words, an anterior cervical discectomy is a surgical procedure that involves removing a damaged intervertebral disc from the spine in the neck, and that too uses a surgical intervention from the front of the neck. Moreover, a fusion is the implantation of the bone graft that fuses with vertebrae and grows with the bones. On the other hand, a fixation is the implantation of screws, rods, or plates. Fixation is used to fix the bones in position while they fuse. In some cases, an artificial disc or arthroplasty is used in place of fusion when the damaged disc has been removed. Patients with normal function of the cervical spine are, therefore, the most deserving patients for cervical artificial disc replacement. In addition, an anterior cervical discectomy is a surgical procedure that is similar to a surgical procedure called anterior cervical corpectomy. However, the difference between them is that a corpectomy is a more extensive procedure used when the disease extends; it is usually performed when the disease affects areas that cannot be addressed by a discectomy alone.
