Medullary Carcinoma
Medullary carcinoma develops from the thyroid’s parafollicular cells that secrete calcitonin.
It often runs in families and may appear as a neck lump or during genetic screening.
Early detection and comprehensive management improve outcomes.
Overview And Clinical Background
Understanding Medullary Carcinoma
This rare thyroid cancer can occur sporadically or as part of inherited syndromes such as MEN2.
It differs from other thyroid cancers by its origin and behavior.
- Origin: Arises from C cells producing calcitonin.
- Genetic link: Frequently associated with RET gene mutations.
- Nature: Usually slow-growing but can spread to lymph nodes early.
Symptoms, Signs And Presentation
Patients may notice a firm thyroid nodule, hoarseness, or neck swelling.
Advanced cases may involve diarrhea or flushing due to hormone secretion.
- Neck lump: Common first sign, often painless.
- Voice change: Occurs when tumor affects nearby nerves.
- Systemic symptoms: Flushing, diarrhea from hormone secretion.
Diagnosis Methods And Investigations
Imaging And Laboratory Tests
Diagnosis involves blood tests for calcitonin, genetic studies, and imaging scans.
Fine-needle aspiration confirms malignancy.
- Calcitonin test: Key biomarker indicating C-cell activity.
- RET gene testing: Confirms hereditary risk.
- Ultrasound or CT scans help evaluate tumor extent.
Treatment Options And Surgical Techniques
Surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment.
Additional therapies may include targeted drugs or radiotherapy.
- Thyroidectomy: Complete removal of thyroid gland.
- Lymph node dissection: Prevents spread to cervical nodes.
- Targeted therapy: Used for advanced or metastatic disease.
Recovery, Risks And Prognosis
Recovery depends on disease stage.
Most patients live long with early intervention and lifelong hormone therapy.
Why Choose Us
CureU Healthcare offers expert endocrine oncologists, advanced diagnostics, and comprehensive genetic counseling.
Our integrated approach ensures precision care and long-term support.
Conclusion
Medullary carcinoma needs early diagnosis and tailored treatment.
With modern surgical and genetic techniques, outcomes are greatly improved.
