Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer originates from the lining of the uterus and most commonly affects postmenopausal women.

Abnormal uterine bleeding is the usual presenting symptom, prompting ultrasound and biopsy.

Management is stage-directed, frequently curative with surgery and supplemented by radiation or systemic therapy when indicated.

Overview And Clinical Background

Hormone-driven uterine malignancy

Most endometrial cancers are adenocarcinomas related to excess estrogen exposure.

Risk factors include obesity, unopposed estrogen, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and tamoxifen use.

OriginMalignancy of the endometrial glandular cells.

Risk factorsObesity, late menopause, unopposed estrogen therapy, and Lynch syndrome.

DetectionOften detected early because of abnormal bleeding.

Symptoms, Signs And Presentation

The most common symptom is abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause.

Other signs include pelvic pain or unusual discharge when disease is more advanced.

Abnormal bleedingPostmenopausal bleeding or intermenstrual spotting in premenopausal women.

Pelvic symptomsCramping, pelvic ache, or persistent discharge.

Red flagAny postmenopausal bleeding requires prompt evaluation.

Diagnosis Methods And Investigations

Ultrasound and endometrial sampling

Transvaginal ultrasound assesses endometrial thickness and guides biopsy.

Hysteroscopic sampling or dilation and curettage provides definitive histology and helps stage disease with imaging.

Endometrial biopsyOutpatient biopsy to obtain tissue for histology.

ImagingPelvic MRI or CT for local staging and spread assessment.

Molecular testsPathology includes grade and markers influencing adjuvant therapy decisions.

Treatment Options And Surgical Techniques

Standard treatment is total hysterectomy with removal of fallopian tubes and often ovaries, plus sentinel node sampling or lymphadenectomy as indicated.

Radiation or chemotherapy is added for higher-risk or advanced disease.

SurgeryTotal hysterectomy ± bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with nodal assessment (laparoscopic or open).

Adjuvant therapyRadiation and/or chemotherapy for stage II–IV or high-risk histology.

Fertility-sparingHormonal therapy considered in select young patients desiring fertility.

Recovery, Risks And Prognosis

Most patients recover well after minimally invasive hysterectomy.

Prognosis is excellent for early-stage, low-grade cancers; advanced disease requires combined modalities and carries a guarded prognosis.

Why Choose Us

CureU Healthcare offers integrated gynecologic oncology care — fertility counselling, minimally invasive surgery, precise pathology, and tailored adjuvant options.

We support patient goals while aiming for cure and quality of life.

Conclusion

Endometrial cancer is often detected early due to bleeding and is highly treatable.

Prompt evaluation and guideline-based therapy deliver the best chance of cure.