ECMO is a highly specialized critical care technology designed to provide temporary support for patients experiencing severe heart or lung dysfunction. During the procedure, blood is removed from the body through large cannulas and passed through an external oxygenation circuit where gas exchange occurs. The oxygen rich blood is then returned to the patient to maintain circulation and organ function. There are different ECMO configurations depending on whether cardiac, respiratory, or combined support is required. ECMO is frequently used in intensive care units for patients with cardiogenic shock, severe respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, pulmonary embolism, or after complex cardiac surgery. The therapy provides vital support while the underlying condition improves or until advanced interventions such as transplantation or long term cardiac support become possible.