Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, often abbreviated as CPT, is a complex pediatric orthopedic disorder characterized by abnormal bone formation and poor healing within the tibia. The affected bone becomes weak, bowed, and highly vulnerable to fracture, sometimes creating a false joint or nonunion area within the leg. The condition is frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, although it may also occur independently. Surgical management may involve removal of diseased bone tissue, internal fixation with rods or plates, external fixation systems, bone grafting, or advanced limb reconstruction procedures to stimulate bone healing and maintain alignment. In severe cases, staged correction and prolonged orthopedic follow up may be necessary. Modern pediatric orthopedic care aims to preserve limb length, improve walking ability, and support long term functional recovery while minimizing recurrence risk.